PARKS & RECREATION
Key Assets: Hertford County’s seat, Winton, holds a genuinely significant and sobering distinction in American history: it was the FIRST TOWN IN NORTH CAROLINA BURNED BY UNION FORCES during the Civil War, and remains the only North Carolina town ever burned completely; the events began on February 19, 1862, when a flotilla of Union gunboats – carrying the 9th New York Volunteer Infantry (a Zouave regiment), companies of the 4th Rhode Island Infantry, and naval forces under Commodore S.C. Rowan – steamed up the Chowan River toward Winton, intending to destroy the nearby Norfolk and Weldon Railroad bridge critical to Confederate supply lines; as the gunboats approached, Confederate infantry, militia, and artillery positioned on the bluffs above the wharf opened fire, striking the lead gunboat USS Delaware’s wheelhouse but inflicting little serious damage; the Union fleet withdrew and anchored several miles downriver overnight, and Federal officers made the fateful decision that the town should be burned in response; when the flotilla returned the next morning, February 20, 1862, they found Winton’s roughly 300 residents and its small Confederate defense force had evacuated; Union troops came ashore and, under orders to burn only buildings that had housed Confederate soldiers, set fire to structures throughout the town – but the order was executed so broadly that nearly the entire village, including the county courthouse and most private homes and businesses, was consumed, leaving only a single small building standing; the act – considered by most historians to have carried little genuine military value – sparked outrage across the South, with one Norfolk newspaper condemning it as a “vile incendiary” act, and it is widely regarded by historians as an early precedent for the “total war” tactics General Sherman would later employ across the South; the destruction also claimed virtually all of Hertford County’s official records dating from 1830 to 1862, a genuine and lasting loss for local historical and genealogical research; separately, Hertford County is also home to the historic “Winton Triangle,” an area some historians and community researchers, including genealogist Marvin Tupper Jones, describe as home to one of the oldest continuously documented free mixed-race communities in the United States, predating the nation’s founding
Notes: The genuine, extensively documented history of Winton’s 1862 burning – the first and only North Carolina town completely destroyed by Union forces – is presented here with the historical weight and accuracy this significant Civil War event deserves.